Byzantine Follaro of Sicily

The Byzantine follis of Sicily frequently featured a cross on its reverse, a design that served as both a Christian emblem and a subtle nod to the empire's tenuous hold on the island. These copper coins were struck in mints like Syracuse, using metal that was often recycled from older issues or scrap, reflecting the practical economics of a distant province. Sizes varied wildly, from about 20 to 30 millimeters in diameter, depending on the ruler and the available resources.

We know they circulated from the 9th to the 11th century under emperors like Basil I, but exact mintages are a mystery—records didn't survive the chaos of Norman conquests. Some specimens show crude strikes, hinting at rushed production amid raids or rebellions. That said, the follis wasn't just currency; it was a tool of administration, helping Byzantine officials maintain order in a restive land.

If you're handling one, note the patina—often a greenish hue from centuries in the soil. And don't bother hunting for pristine examples; most have seen better days.